Basic Components for in-text citation using APA Referencing
In-text citations are referencing in the body of your document that match to end of document reference list. It is used when you are quoting or paraphrasing the work of someone else. It is vitally important in the avoidance of plagiarism. Below is examples of quoting and paraphrasing from an excerpt from a book.
Quick tip: In-text citation reference example
(Yesalis & Cowart, 1998) Paraphrasing – found at the end of the paragraph or sentence that paraphrasing was used.
Yesalis & Cowart (1998) stated, “The… end”. (p.96) Quotation
Deciding what to test (excerpt)
Why use urine? Many athletes object to the loss of privacy involved in having a stranger closely observe the process of urination. Urine is the testing fluid of choice because the metabolites (by-products) of most drugs can be detected in urine. They can also be detected in blood, hair and saliva.
Although some athletes would prefer to give a blood sample, puncturing the protective barrier of the skin and tapping into the blood supply channels of the body is what is termed, an invasive procedure meaning that it opens a potential avenue for infection.
Paraphrase example of the extract
When testing for doping in athletes, the preferred method is testing a urine sample, specifically because it is less invasive than a blood sample which may cause an infection. Most athletes find the procedure of collecting a urine sample objectionable (Yesalis & Cowart, 1998).
Quotation example of the extract
Yesalis & Cowart (1998) stated, “Many athletes object to the loss of privacy involved in having a stranger closely observe the process of urination. Urine is the testing fluid of choice because the metabolites (by-products) of most drugs can be detected in urine.” (p.77)
Reference
Boyce Thompson Institute for plant research. (2009, April 4). Policies and procedures: Computer security policy. New York. Retrieved from http://bti.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BTI_computer_security.pdf
Hartman, D. (2009). Advantages & Disadvantages of an egalitarianism company. Cron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-egalitarianism-company-23291.html
Oppliger, R. (1997, May). Internet security: firewalls and beyond. Communications of the ACM, 40(5), 95-102.
Yesalis, C. E., & Cowart, V. S. (1998). Drug testing. In The steroids game: An expert's inside look at anabolic steroid use in sports (pp. 77-78). Auckland: Human Kinetics.
Whole book reference example
Yesalis, C. E. & Cowart, V. S. (1998). The steroids game: An expert’s inside look at anabolic steroid use in sports. Auckland, N.Z.: Human Kinetics.
A section from a book example
Yesalis, C. E., & Cowart, V. S. (1998). Drug testing. In The steroids game: An expert's inside look at anabolic steroid use in sports (pp. 77-78). Auckland: Human Kinetics.
Quick tip: In-text citation reference example
(Yesalis & Cowart, 1998) Paraphrasing – found at the end of the paragraph or sentence that paraphrasing was used.
Yesalis & Cowart (1998) stated, “The… end”. (p.96) Quotation
Deciding what to test (excerpt)
Why use urine? Many athletes object to the loss of privacy involved in having a stranger closely observe the process of urination. Urine is the testing fluid of choice because the metabolites (by-products) of most drugs can be detected in urine. They can also be detected in blood, hair and saliva.
Although some athletes would prefer to give a blood sample, puncturing the protective barrier of the skin and tapping into the blood supply channels of the body is what is termed, an invasive procedure meaning that it opens a potential avenue for infection.
Paraphrase example of the extract
When testing for doping in athletes, the preferred method is testing a urine sample, specifically because it is less invasive than a blood sample which may cause an infection. Most athletes find the procedure of collecting a urine sample objectionable (Yesalis & Cowart, 1998).
Quotation example of the extract
Yesalis & Cowart (1998) stated, “Many athletes object to the loss of privacy involved in having a stranger closely observe the process of urination. Urine is the testing fluid of choice because the metabolites (by-products) of most drugs can be detected in urine.” (p.77)
Reference
Boyce Thompson Institute for plant research. (2009, April 4). Policies and procedures: Computer security policy. New York. Retrieved from http://bti.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BTI_computer_security.pdf
Hartman, D. (2009). Advantages & Disadvantages of an egalitarianism company. Cron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-egalitarianism-company-23291.html
Oppliger, R. (1997, May). Internet security: firewalls and beyond. Communications of the ACM, 40(5), 95-102.
Yesalis, C. E., & Cowart, V. S. (1998). Drug testing. In The steroids game: An expert's inside look at anabolic steroid use in sports (pp. 77-78). Auckland: Human Kinetics.
Whole book reference example
Yesalis, C. E. & Cowart, V. S. (1998). The steroids game: An expert’s inside look at anabolic steroid use in sports. Auckland, N.Z.: Human Kinetics.
A section from a book example
Yesalis, C. E., & Cowart, V. S. (1998). Drug testing. In The steroids game: An expert's inside look at anabolic steroid use in sports (pp. 77-78). Auckland: Human Kinetics.